In this disease antibodies are formed against the thyroid stimulating hormone receptors. These antibodies bind to the receptors on the thyroid gland and continuously stimulate it. This results in excess production of T3 and T4 resulting in all the signs and symptoms of hyperthyroidism. The thyroid gland itself doubles in size.
Etiology
The autoimmune process in Graves disease is a combination of environment and genetic factors. Although the exact environmental trigger for the auto-antibody production is unknown, various postulates have been forwarded. The most accepted is the cross reaction between the antibodies produced against a bacterial or viral infection and the TSH receptors.
Signs and Symptoms
The signs and symptoms of graves disease are that of hyperthyroidism. This includes
Apart from this a small minority develop bilateral exophthalmos, that is bulging of the eye.
Laboratory diagnosis of Graves disease
Measurement of harmonies reveal an increase in T3 and T4 hormones and decrease in thyroid stimulating hormone. Severe Thyrotoxicosis is associated with a increase in liver enzymes. It may also be associated with leucopenia and mild anemia.
Treatment for graves disease
The treatment is aimed at decreasing the levels of thyroid hormone. This is done using radio iodine or by using anti thyroid drugs or by surgery. Radio iodine is used commonly. Here the patient takes a capsule of radioactive iodine. This is absorbed by the thyroid gland, causing local death of it's tissue and a decrease in thyroid hormone production. Anti thyroid drugs act by interfering in hormone synthesis. Removal of the thyroid by surgery is an the option if the thyroid is very large.
Thyroid storm
Rarely patients with grave disease may develop a condition called thyroid storm. This is a medical emergency and is life threatening, if not treated promptly. It can be triggered by infection, surgery or emotional stress. Symptoms include fever, palpitation, High blood pressure, confusion, delirium, difficulty in breathing and ultimately coma.
 | Is Graves Disease life threatening? This thyroid condition can cause life-threatening complications, but fortunately there are treatment options to manage the symptoms and greatly lower the risks. |
 | What is the Graves Disease prognosis? With treatment, this condition can easily be managed. Without treatment, it can cause life-threatening complications. |
 | Most Graves Disease symptoms are caused by an abnormally high metabolism triggered by excess hormones in the blood. Learn what to look for and what treatments are available. |
A diet for Graves Disease works in four specific ways to manage symptoms and boost overall health. |
What effect will Graves Disease have on everyday life? How manageable is it to live with? |
