Soil and Your Garden Site

The location and preparation of your garden site is the most important piece of your gardening puzzle. Ideally, a garden site should be level, have full sun, good drainage and loamy, fertile soil. If this describes your garden site, you are very fortunate indeed. If this description doesn't fit the area you have to work with, don't despair. People have been growing organic gardens for millennia and, probably more often than not, have done so under less than ideal conditions.

Garden Site Considerations

When choosing your garden site, you also have to consider its location in relation to your house. You should place it in an area that is close to a spigot or other water source and as close to your house as possible. Having your garden right outside your door encourages you to visit it more.

Soil Type

Once you have chosen your site, it is important to learn about what kind of soil you're dealing with. You need to know whether it is acid or base, sandy, clay, full of nutrients or depleted. A good way to get to know about your soil is by taking a sample of it to your local county extension office or sending it to your state soil-testing lab. Having your soil tested is inexpensive (free in some sates) and gives you valuable information about your its strengths and weaknesses.

How to Test Your Soil

Your soil test will also tell you which nutrients your soil needs and how much of them to apply in order to give your garden the best start possible. In order to keep your garden organic, you will need to use organic fertilizers. Nitrogen can be added to your soil by using cover crops, such as clover or vetch, or by adding manure or compost to your garden. Manure and compost are often particularly good organic sources of phosphorus and potassium as well. If you don't have a source of compost or manure, you can purchase organic fertilizers from various retailers.

Your soil test will also tell you about your soil type and pH, which is a measure of how acidic or alkaline it is. Most crops prefer a soil's pH to be around neutral. Very acidic or base soils interfere with your garden's growth. If your soil is too acidic, you will need to apply lime (calcium carbonate). This is a perfectly fine thing to do in an organic garden because lime is made from ground-up limestone that is mined from many areas across the country. If your soil is alkaline, you can apply elemental sulfur..

Your soil type affects its ability to hold water and nutrients. A very sandy soil is likely to need more frequent watering than a clay soil. A clay soil usually can hold more nutrients at once than a sandy soil can.

Knowing your soil type can also give you a clue as to what will grow best in your garden. For instance, root crops such as carrots love a sandy or loamy soil.

No matter what type of soil you have, it can be helped by the addition of organic matter. Organic matter for your garden can come from grass clippings or mulch, compost, manure or hay. Fibrous things such as mulch and sawdust take a long time to decompose in your soil, so plan accordingly.

Once you get to know your soil, it will give you a much better understanding of what makes your garden tick. Many experienced organic gardeners agree that the soil truly is the soul of the garden.