Growing and Caring for Fruit Trees

If you have ever driven past an old, uninhabited farmhouse and noticed an apple or pear tree laden with fruit, you may have concluded that fruit trees require little care. More likely, the tree is simply growing in an ideal place. Once established, fruit trees can be quite sturdy and produce prolifically. However, fruit will be more attractive and abundant with simple maintenance.

Successfully growing fruit trees begins with planting them in the most favorable site. Most fruit trees require at least six hours of sun. Be careful when choosing a site that the tree will not be shaded by nearby structures or other trees. Plant in an open area where air will circulate, as this may help prevent some diseases. Fruit trees also need good drainage. A few types will tolerate wet soil, but most prefer well-drained soil.

Fruit trees do require adequate water, especially when the trees are young and their root systems are not well-established. You should water your trees when the top two inches of soil become dry. As with most plants, a deep, slow soaking is preferable to brief, shallow watering, which encourages roots to grow near the top of the soil.

Wise home gardeners use fertilizer carefully-and only when a soil test indicates that the soil is not adequate to produce a good harvest. Most county extension services provide this service. Home gardeners can find soil-testing kits at garden shops.

If pests seem to be affecting your trees, use an oil spray during the dormant season. If you are unsure what afflicts your trees, again, your county extension service may be helpful.

Pruning is an important part of growing healthy, strong trees. Pruning allows light to penetrate and air to circulate. Windstorms, ice storms and even the weight of a bountiful crop can cause branches to break. Diseased wood and insect damage also can be controlled through pruning. Prune in late winter or very early spring, and strive to create a central leader branch to create the ideal shape.

While these general tips apply to most fruit trees in a variety of climates, specific fruit trees and local conditions may create other maintenance and pest-control requirements.

Generally, growing and caring for fruit trees is relatively easy, allowing the trees to produce for years and add beauty to lawns and gardens.