The exact causes of ADHD are not known. Specialists have some theories and possible causes, however, and studies have shown links between ADHD and other conditions.
It's unlikely that parents are responsible for a child's ADHD. The possible causes include genetics, brain injury and nutritional and environmental factors.
Many experts encourage parents to focus on helping their child with ADHD and not to dwell on the causes. However, there is hope that understanding the causes of ADHD will help to lead to effective treatment.
Genetics as a Possible Cause of ADHD
The majority of ADHD cases are believed to be genetic. Around half of all parents with ADHD will have a child with ADHD. Studies of twins show that if ADHD is present in one twin, it is likely to be present in his identical twin even when the twins have been raised separately. (This is not the case with fraternal twins, who have different DNA from one another.)
The success of drugs like Ritalin leads experts to believe that ADHD sufferers have lower levels of dopamine in their brains, which is likely the effect of genetics.
To date, no specific genes have been identified as being associated with ADHD.
Brain Injury and ADHD
Studies show that brain injury, either before birth or after birth, may cause ADHD. Head injuries with frontal lobe damage sometimes cause ADHD-like symptoms in people.
Nutrition
Some children suffering from ADHD show marked improvement when their diets are changed, particularly when food additives and refined sugar are removed from the diet and omega-3 fatty acids are increased. Recent studies have disproved a direct link between sugar and ADHD, however.
The Environment as a Cause of ADHD
Possible environmental causes of ADHD begin before birth. Studies have found a link between ADHD and mothers who smoke or drink alcohol while pregnant.
Low birth weight (less than 3½ pounds) has also been suggested as a possible link to ADHD.
Some experts believe there is a link between exposure to lead paint, found in older buildings, and children with ADHD.
 | You may wonder what is the difference between ADD and ADHD? ADHD is a childhood condition that affects the brain's impulse control and forward planning ability. ADHD is treatable, but an evaluation is needed to rule out other potential causes. |
 | ADHD medications for children has traditionally been stimulants such as Ritalin. Doctors are now finding that some patients respond to non-stimulants, antidepressants and combinations of drug treatments and therapy. |
 | If you're interested in pursuing a drug-free ADHD therapy for your child, start with a psychologist who is known for treating disorders without using psychiatric drugs. |
Don't accept an ADHD diagnosis as a certainty, because the symptoms of ADHD could also indicate other conditions. |
If your child has had an ADHD diagnosis and is struggling in school, he might not be getting the treatment he needs. |
