Rabies in humans is a serious, even deadly virus. Though human infections are less common than those in wild animals and pets, it does happen. Incidences of rabies in humans is less common in the United States than in other parts of the world; in 2008, just three people in the United States died from rabies, compared with one every ten minutes in the rest of the world. Since rabies is almost always fatal in both animals and humans, it is important to protect yourself and your family from contracting the virus.
How Rabies Spreads
The rabies virus can be transferred through saliva, most often when a human or animal is bitten or scratched by a rabid animal. Rabies attacks the central nervous system, moving to the brain within weeks to a year of a person being infected. Initial rabies symptoms in humans include a headache, fever, irritability and itching at the site of the bite. As the disease progresses, a person may experience muscle spasms and difficulty breathing. Paralysis, hallucinations and seizures signal the final stages of the rabies virus, which ends in death.
Treatment Options
If you are bitten by a wild animal or a domestic animal that may have rabies, wash the area with soap and water and get medical help immediately. Since rabid domesticated animals tend to bite, it is best to err on the side of caution and see a doctor unless you are absolutely certain that the animal has been vaccinated. Do not wait until the first signs of rabies appear; once rabies symptoms appear, it is too late to treat and death is certain.
Preventing the Spread of Rabies
Avoiding bites from rabid animals is the best way to prevent contracting the rabies virus. Besides steering clear of animals you know are rabid, avoid animals acting strangely, such as a nocturnal animal that is active during the day or animals that normally fear humans being unafraid. Never try to approach or catch a rabid animal, simply call animal control. Keep children away from wild animals at all times, even if the animal seems to be friendly.
If you live in wooded areas or spend a lot of time outdoors, avoiding rabid animals can be a bit tricky. Rabid animals may not be as noticeable, as they are in their home environment. This is when it is especially important to be aware of an animal's behavior patterns. When camping, always sleep in a tent or other protected environment. Don't let pets wander into the woods, as they could be bitten by a wild animal without your knowledge. Although children may be tempted to help seemingly distressed wild animals, never let them touch a wild animal. If the animal is in serious need of medical attention, call your local animal control department.
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